Kohl

Kohl is a traditional eye cosmetic, usually made from stibnite (antimony) or other minerals, that has been used in the Muslim world for over a millennium. Beyond its aesthetic use to darken the eyelids, the use of Kohl (specifically Ithmid) is a Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who recommended it for strengthening the eyesight and promoting the health of the eyes. It is commonly worn by both men and women during religious festivals and daily life, representing a blend of prophetic tradition, hygiene, and cultural beauty standards across diverse Islamic regions. The Prophet specifically recommended using kohl made from ithmid (antimony) before sleeping, stating that it benefits the eyesight and makes the eyelashes grow (Ibn Majah, Tirmidhi). He also used kohl himself and encouraged his companions to do so. Traditional kohl differs from modern cosmetics in its ingredients and application method. It is typically ground from natural minerals and applied with a small applicator called a "murdan" or "kohl stick," tracing along the inner rim of the eyelids. The benefits of traditional kohl have been recognized by modern science: antimony has antimicrobial properties that can prevent eye infections, and its use can strengthen the tear film and protect against dry eyes. Beyond health benefits, kohl also serves practical purposes in bright desert environments by reducing glare and protecting the eyes from dust. For Muslims, using kohl is a connection to Prophetic practice,a tangible Sunnah that combines physical well-being with spiritual reward. It is especially recommended on Fridays and during Ramadan. The kohl container itself is often kept as a personal item, with some traditions suggesting that using kohl before sleep brings blessings. Its continued use demonstrates the enduring relevance of prophetic medicine (tibb al-nabawi).