بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
الرَّحْمَـٰنِ
الرَّحِيمِ
الْمَلِكِ
الْقُدُّوسِ
السَّلَامِ
1446 - شَوَّال الْمُكَرَّم
الْمُؤْمِنِ
الْمُهَيْمِنِ
الْعَزِيزِ
الْجَبَّارُ
الْمُتَكَبِّرُ
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D
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G
Fajr
05:45 AM
✓
Asr
06:15 PM
Maghrib
07:46 PM
Isha
09:45 PM
Jumu'ah
02:00 PM
The Mamluk Sultanate
سلطنة المماليك
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The Mamluk Sultanate (1250-1517 CE) was a powerful and remarkable state that ruled over Egypt, Syria, and the Hejaz for over two and a half centuries. The Mamluks were a class of slave soldiers, primarily of Turkic and Circassian origin, who were bought as youths, converted to Islam, and trained as elite warriors. They eventually overthrew their Ayyubid masters and established their own sultanate, a unique "slave dynasty" where power was passed not through lineage but through a system of military hierarchy and succession. The Mamluks are most famous for their military prowess. In 1260, under Sultan Qutuz and General Baibars, they decisively defeated the seemingly invincible Mongol army at the Battle of Ain Jalut, halting their advance and saving the remnants of the Islamic world. They also systematically expelled the last of the Crusaders from the Levant. The Mamluk era was a golden age of Islamic architecture and culture. Cairo became the unrivaled center of the Islamic world, adorned with magnificent mosques, madrasas, and mausoleums featuring the distinctive "Mamluk" style of ablaq (striped) masonry and monumental stone domes. They were patrons of arts and crafts, producing exquisite enameled glass, inlaid metalwork, and beautifully illuminated manuscripts. The Mamluk Sultanate was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517.
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