بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
الرَّحْمَـٰنِ
الرَّحِيمِ
الْمَلِكِ
الْقُدُّوسِ
السَّلَامِ
1447 - رَبِيع الْأَوَّل
الْمُؤْمِنِ
الْمُهَيْمِنِ
الْعَزِيزِ
الْجَبَّارُ
الْمُتَكَبِّرُ
L
O
A
D
I
N
G
Fajr
05:15 AM
✓
Asr
06:45 PM
Maghrib
08:10 PM
Isha
10:00 PM
Jumu'ah
02:00 PM
Umayyad
الأموية
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The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) was the first hereditary dynasty in Islamic history, establishing its capital at Damascus and ruling the rapidly expanding Muslim empire from Spain to India. Founded by Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan (RA), the Umayyad period marked a transformative era when Islamic civilization developed sophisticated administrative, military, and financial institutions. The caliphate continued the dramatic expansion of Muslim rule, reaching as far west as the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) and as far east as the Indus Valley. Under Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705 CE), significant reforms included Arabizing the administration, minting the first purely Islamic gold dinar and silver dirham, and building the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem,the first great masterpiece of Islamic architecture. The Umayyads presided over a flourishing of Arabic literature, poetry, and early Islamic scholarship, though they also faced challenges including the tragic martyrdom of Husayn (RA) at Karbala and ongoing tensions with various factions. Their sophisticated desert palaces in Syria and Jordan, such as Qusayr Amra and Mshatta, testify to their architectural patronage and cultural synthesis of Byzantine and Persian traditions. The dynasty was overthrown by the Abbasid Revolution in 750 CE, though an Umayyad prince, Abd al-Rahman I, escaped to Spain and established the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba, which later became a brilliant center of Islamic civilization rivaling Baghdad.
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